Caij 1: H (hydrogen)
H yog qhov teeb meem ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov hlau, steel yaj hauv hydrogen yuav ua rau cov dej hydrogen embrittlement, dawb thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Hydrogen, zoo ib yam li oxygen thiab nitrogen, muaj ib qho dej tsawg heev nyob rau hauv cov khoom hlau thiab dissolves rau hauv cov pa taws hlau thaum sov siab. Nws yog lig dhau lawm kom dim thiab koom hauv lub koom haum los tsim cov yas khov nab loj siab, uas txo cov hnab yas, toughness thiab qaug zog ntawm cov hlau. , Mob hnyav yuav ua rau tawg, nkig tawg. "Hydrogen crisp" feem ntau nyob hauv cov martensitic hlau, hauv ferrite steel tsis heev mas, feem ntau nrog cov hardness thiab carbon cov ntsiab lus ntau zog ua ke. Ntawm qhov tod tes, H yuav ua kom cov kab ntawm cov hlau muaj zog, tab sis kuj ua rau lub coercivity thiab hlau poob (nce lub coercivity tom qab ntxiv 0.5 mus rau 2 zaug).
Caij Nyoog 2: C (carbon)
C yog lub caij pib tom qab hlau, nws ncaj qha mus cuam tshuam lub zog ntawm cov hlau, kev tuav pov hwm, kev siv zog thiab kev ua haujlwm. Thaum cov ntsiab lus hauv cov hlau hauv qab no 0.8%, nrog rau kev nce hauv cov ntsiab lus, cov hlau ua zog thiab kev ua kom khov kho, thaum lub hnab yas thiab lub zog txo; tab sis thaum cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 1.0% los yog ntau tshaj, nrog cov ntsiab lus Cov ntsiab lus, lub zog ntawm hlau tab sis poob. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide, cov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlau yog qhov loj dua (cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau dua li 0.3%, lub veldability txo qis dua), lub brittleness txias thiab kev laus muaj zog muaj zog thiab qhov atmospheric corrosion tsis muaj zog.
Caij 3: O (O)
O yog ib qho teeb meem hauv cov hlau. Nws yog ntuj tsim nyob rau hauv lub steel hlau, tab sis nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub hlau mus ntxiv manganese, silicon, hlau thiab txhuas rau deoxidation, tab sis tsis tau raug tshem tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm ua kom cov hlau nplaum, cov pa oxygen thiab cov pa roj carbon monoxide, ua rau muaj cov kab npuas. Cov pa hauv cov phom mas FeO, MnO, SiO2, Al2O3 thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov menyuamuas, kom lub zog, txo cov yas. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau qaug zog lub zog, feem cuam toughness thiab thiaj li muaj ib qho kev loj. Cov pa oxygen yuav ua rau cov hlau poob hauv silicon hlau, permeability thiab magnetic teb zog tsis muaj zog, cov nyhuv laus laus siv zog.
